I solved my problem.
It was that when I added a custom resolution of 165 Hz (CVT-RB), the "Pixelization frequency G (kHz)" was too high (too high for the monitor or the video card, I don't know). (By standard, the monitor had 640000, and CVT-RB set it to 695000, so the monitor did not start at these parameters). I put CVT-RB where the "timing standard" is, and then it set the values for all the parameters, and then I returned the value for the "Total Timing" parameter to 2640 (CVT-RB set 2720). I saved the settings, and the monitor started up with 165 Hz, the memory frequency is at the minimum.
165 hz standard
Timing data - Horizontal - Vertical
Total - 2640 - 1471
Display - 2560 - 1440
Front platform - 10 - 3
Synchronization width - 60 - 5
Polarity - Positive - Positive
Interlaced/Progressive - Progressive
Pixelization frequency G (kHz) - 640000
Refresh rate G (Hz) - 164.802
HDMI connection status tracking - Off
Current connection parameters - 5.4 Gbps x 4
FreeSync range - Display reported 48-165 Hz
CVT-RB 165 Hz
Timing data - Horizontal - Vertical
Total - 2720 - 1559
Display - 2560 - 1440
Front pad - 48 - 3
Synchronization width - 32 - 5
Polarity - Positive - Negative
Interlaced/Progressive - Progressive
Pixelization frequency G (kHz) - 699500
Refresh rate G (Hz) - 164.958
HDMI connection status tracking - Off
Current connection parameters - 5.4 Gbps x 4
FreeSync range - Display reported 48-165 Hz