According to ASRock Support CPU LIST for your Motherboard you will need to have BIOS version P5.00 installed.
But since you have a Ryzen 1600 and you still can use it that means you have BIOS version P3.50 which doesn't support the new 5600G APU processor.
So you have a decision to make. Install BIOS Version P5.00 or newer and lose support for your Ryzen 1600 or keep BIOS version P3.50 and keep your new APU Processor as a paperweight or a backup for the future.
When you install the 5600g with the Nvidia GPU card BIOS should still make the GPU card the Main Display Adapter rather than your AMD Integrated Graphics.
Therefore the first thing I would do if you have BIOS version P5.00 installed with the 5600G processor installed is do a CMOS CLEAR to set BIOS back to factory default settings and to recognize your new APU.
If you still get no Video output during POST or BIOS making sure the Monitor is connected to your GPU Card wait a few minutes and see if you get Video Output when it is loading Windows.
Unless, as you mentioned, it keeps cycling during POST.
In that case I would remove all the RAM sticks and just install one RAM stick in DIMM Slot 2 and see if it boots up normally into Windows. If it does that means the RAM you have is not fully compatible with your new APU processor.
Check ASRock Motherboard QVL List for the 5000 series APUs and see if your RAM is listed. The closest QVL List is for Renoir since there is no Cezanne list from here: https://www.asrock.com/mb/AMD/B450M%20Pro4/index.asp#MemoryRN