Running into the exact same issue on PopOS 21.10 with an RX580.
I see people with more recent cards having better support like here
It would nice from AMD to confirm whether they are going to end support on the polaris cards as it seems that it might be the signal being sent here.
From my experience, I can get the 21.40.1 installer working only if I have done the installation of the drivers using the 21.20 non-apt-based installer (old method compared to that new one).
I cannot find the version of the amdgpu driver I have on my system as 'modinfo amdgpu | grep -i version' does not report anything other than srcversion: and vermagic:
If I try to use the installer on an Ubuntu derivative system with no previously installed amdgpu driver, the new installer fails due to missing packages that only previously installer seems to have installed with proper dependencies.
After a bit more investigation for my use case in connection with Blender, I found the following documentation for ROCm installation instructions pointing at a more recent amdgpu-install version from the 6th of December 2021.
https://rocmdocs.amd.com/en/latest/Installation_Guide/Installation_new.html#ubuntu-20-04
I installed both and the installation completed however I have yet to get OpenCL working in Blender.
Following discussions on this Blender devtalk thread for updates:
https://devtalk.blender.org/t/cycles-amd-hip-device-feedback/21400/54
