When the pointer changes to the text selector bar on the default Windows mouse scheme it is a white bar with no outline, so depending on what appearance mode you have set in Chrome (light or dark) it can seem to "disappear" if it's white on a white background.
You can change the pointer scheme to one of the Black or Inverted ones as you have discovered, OR you can customize just the Text Select appearance if you want to keep the pointer scheme white. I use beam_r.cur for the Text Select appearance with the regular Windows Default pointer scheme.
Ryzen R7 5700X | B550 Gaming X | 2x16GB G.Skill 3600 | Radeon RX 7900XT
Ryzen R7 5700G | B550 Gaming X | 2x8GB G.Skill 4000 | Radeon Vega 8 IGP
Ryzen R5 5600 | B550 Gaming Edge | 4x8GB G.Skill 3600 | Radeon RX 6800XT