Not without an adapter. I had a Seagate Cheetah 10000 rpm years ago and realistically could not see any significant differences from the 7200 rpm drives of that time. The 7200 rpm SATA drives today have improved since those days.
Why not just use a SATA HDD. I have several Seagate Barracuda 7200 rpm drives in computers that outperform the 2.5" Kingston Fury SSD on the write speed and respectable read speeds. You pick up a 2TB Seagate Barracuda 7200 rpm SATA from newegg,com for $40 (on sale today). If you want something a little faster they also have the 2TB Seagate Firecuda 7200 rpm for $62. Due to the limitations of this motherboard I would not recommend any other device.